Thursday, July 8, 2010

Betty Azar - Basic English Grammar chapter 1

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Basic English Grammar remains a developmental skills text for students of English as a second or foreign language. Serving as both a reference and a workbook, it inaoduces students to the form, meaning, and usage of basic structures in...
Chapter 1 USING BEAND HAVE


NOUN + IS + NOUN: SINGULAR .
NOUN +ARE + NOUN: PLURAL
PRONOUN + BE + NOUN
CONTRACTIONS WITH BE
NEGATIVE WITH BE
BE + ADJECTIVE
BE + A LOCATION
SUMMARY: SENTENCE PATTERNS WITH BE
YESNO QUESTIONS WITH BE
QUESTIONS WITH BE: USING WHERE.
USING HAVE AND HAS
USING MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR
USING THIS AND THAT
USING THESE AND THOSE.
ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WHATAND WHO +BE.




Chapter 2 EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART I ) 


FORM AND BASIC MEANING OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS: ALWAYS. USUALLY. OFTEN. SOMETIMES. SEL.DOM. R.4REL.Y. N E W.
USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS WITH BE
PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S: /Z/ AND /S/
SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -ES
ADDING FINAL -S/-ES TO WORDS THAT END IN -Y
IRREGULAR SINGULAR VERBS: HAS, DOES, GOES
SUMMARY: SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION OF -SAND -ES
THE SIMPLE PRESENT . NEGATIVE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: YESNO QUESTIONS
 THE SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS
WITH WHERE.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS
WITH WHEN AND WHAT TIME
SUMMARY: INFORMATION QUESTIONS WITH BE AND DO .
USING lTTO TALK ABOUT TIME
 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME ..
 USING ITTO TALK ABOUT THE WEATHER.


Chapter 3 EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 2)


BE + JNG: THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE .
SPELLING OF -ZNG
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. QUESTIONS.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT vs . THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
NONACTION VERBS NOT USED IN THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
SEE, LOOKAT, WATCH, HEAR, AND LISTEN TO .
NEED AND WANT + A NOUN OR AN ..
WOULD LIKE .
WOULDLIKEvs. LJKE
THINK ABOUT AND THINK THAT.
THERE + BE .
THERE + BE YESNO QUESTIONS
THERE + BE ASKING QUESTIONS WITH HOWMANY
PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION.


 Chapter 4 NOUNS AND PRONOUNS


NOUNS: SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS
ADJECTIVE + NOUN .
SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
NOUNS: SINGULAR AND PLURAL .
NOUNS: IRREGULAR PLURAL FORMS
NOUNS: COUNT AND NONCOUNT
USINGANvs .A .
USING A/AN vs . SOME .
MEASUREMENTS WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS
USING THE. .
USING 0 (NO ARTICLE) TO MAKE GENERALIZATIONS
USING SOME AND ANY
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: SOMETHING, SOMEONE,
ANYTHING, ANYONE .
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: NOTHING AND NO ONE


Chapter 5 EXPRESSING PAST TIME


USING BE: PAST TIME .
PAST OF BE: NEGATIVE .
PAST OF BE: QUESTIONS  ..
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING -ED
PAST TIME WORDS: YESTERDAY, LAST, AND AGO ..
PRONUNCIATION OF -ED: It/, Id/, AND ladl .
SPELLING OF -ED VERBS .
SPELLING OF -ED AND -ING: TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
THE SIMPLE PAST: IRREGULAR VERBS ..
THE SIMPLE PAST: NEGATIVE
THE SIMPLE PAST: YES/NO QUESTIONS .
MORE IRREGULAR VERBS ..
THE SIMPLE PAST: USING WHERE, WHEN, WHAT TIME,
AND WHY ..
QUESTIONS WITH WHAT .
QUESTIONS WITH WHO
ASKING ABOUT THE MEANING OF A WORD
MORE IRREGULAR VERBS ..
BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES
WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES ..


Chapter 6. EXPRESSING FUTURE TlME
FUTURE TIME: USING BE GOING TO.
WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME
USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST) AND
LV (EUTURE) .
USING TODAY, TONIGHT, AND THIS + MORNING,
AFTERNOON, EVENING, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR
FUTURE TIME: USING WILL.
ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WIU.
VERB SUMMARY: PRESENT, PAST, AND FUTURE
VERB SUMMARY: FORMS OF BE
USING WHAT + A FORM OF DO
MAYIMIGHTvs . WILL .
MAYBE (ONE WORD) vs . MAYBE (TWO WORDS)
FUTURE TIME CLAUSES WITH BEFORE, AFTER, AND WHEN
CLAUSES WITH IF .
EXPRESSING HABITUAL PRESENT WITH TIME CLAUSES AND
IF-CLAUSES ..
MORE IRREGULAR VERBS ..


Chapter 7 EXPRESSING ABILITY
USING CAN
USING CAN: QUESTIONS
USING KNOWHOW TO
USING COULD: PAST OF CAN ..
USING VERY AND TOO + ADJECTIVE ..
USING TOO MANY AND TOO MUCH + NOUN
USING TOO + ADJECTIVE + INKNITIW
USING TOO + ADJECTIVE + FOR (SOMEONE) + INFINITIVE
USING ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH
USING ENOUGH + NOUN AND MORE + NOUN
USING ENOUGH + INFINITIVE
USING BERBLB TO .
POLITE QUESTIONS: MAYI. COULD I. AND CANI.
POLITE QUESTIONS: COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU .
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
USING TWO. TOO. AND TO .
MORE ABOUT PREPOSITIONS: AT AND IN FOR LOCATIONS ..
MORE IRREGULAR VERBS


Chapter 8 NOUNS . ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS . .
MODIFYING NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS ...
WORD ORDER OF ADJECTIVES ...
EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY: ALL OF. MOST OF. SOME OF ..
EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY: SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT .
EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTJ3Y ONE OF. NONE OF
USING EVERY ...
POSSESSIVE NOUNS .
POSSESSIVE: IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS .
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: MINE, YOURS. HIS. HERS,
OURS, THEIRS
QUESTIONS WITH WHOS6 .
SUMMARY: USES OF THE APOSTROPHE ..
SUMMARY: USES OF NOUNS .
CONNECTED NOUNS: NOUN +AND/OR+ NOUN .
SUMMARY: USES OF ADJECTIVES .
SUMMARY.. PERSONAL PRONOUNS .
INDIRECT OBJECTS
INDIRECT OBJECTS: USING FOR.
INDIRECT OBJECTS W mB UY,G ET, MAKE
INDIRECT OBJECTS WITH EXFLAlN AND INTRODUCE
MORE IRREGULAR VERBS


 Chapter 9 MAKING COMPARISONS
COMPARISONS: USING THE SAME (AS). SIMILAR (TO).
AND DIFFERENT (PROM).
COMPARISONS: USING LIKE AND ALIKE .
THE COMPARATIVE: USING -ER AND MORE
USING AS ... AS; USING LESS ..
USING BUT ..
USING VERBS AFTER BUT
THE SUPERLATNE: USING -ESTAND MOST
USING ONE OF + SUPERLATIVE + PLURAL NOUN
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
MAKING COMPARISONS WITH ADVERBS
USING AS ...A S WITH ADVERBS


Chapter 10 EXPRESSING IDEAS WITH VERBS
USING SHOULD
USING LET'S
USING HAVE + INFINITIVE (HAS TOIHAVE TO)
USING MUST
MODAL AUXILIARIES
SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND
SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS .
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE .
WHILE vs . WHEN IN PAST TIME CLAUSES
SIMPLE PAST vs . PAST PROGRESSIVE
USING HAVE BEEN (THE PRESENT PERFECT) .
USING SINCE-CLAUSES
FORM OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
USING NEVBR WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT: QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVES
USING EVBR WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT
THE PRESENT PERFECT: QUESTIONS WITH HOW LONG
PAST PARTICIPLES OF COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS
Appendix 1 THE ENGUSH ALPHABET
Appendix 2 NUMBERS
Appendlx 3 DAYS OF THE WEEK AND MONTHS OF THE YEAR
Appendlx 4 WAYS OF SAYING ME TIME
Appendix 5 IRREGULAR VERBS




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